CBSE CLASS 12 BIOLOGY

CBSE Class 12 Biology textbook consists of 16 chapters that cover various aspects of living organisms and their interactions with the environment. Here is a brief overview of each chapter:

1. Reproduction in Organisms – This chapter discusses the various modes of reproduction in different organisms, from asexual reproduction to sexual reproduction.
2. Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants – This chapter deals with the process of sexual reproduction in flowering plants, including the structure and function of male and female reproductive organs.
3. Human Reproduction – This chapter discusses the human reproductive system, including the male and female reproductive organs, menstrual cycle, fertilization, and embryonic development.
4. Reproductive Health – This chapter covers the various aspects of reproductive health, including family planning, contraception, and sexually transmitted diseases.
5. Principles of Inheritance and Variation – This chapter deals with the principles of inheritance and variation, including Mendelian genetics and the laws of inheritance.
6. Molecular Basis of Inheritance – This chapter discusses the molecular basis of inheritance, including DNA replication, transcription, and translation.
7. Evolution – This chapter covers the various aspects of evolution, including the origin of life, Darwin’s theory of evolution, and the evidences of evolution.
8. Human Health and Disease – This chapter discusses various diseases and disorders affecting the human body, including their causes, symptoms, and treatments.
9. Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production – This chapter deals with various strategies used to enhance food production, including plant breeding, animal husbandry, and tissue culture.
10. Microbes in Human Welfare – This chapter covers the various applications of microbes in different fields, including medicine, agriculture, and industry.
11. Biotechnology: Principles and Processes – This chapter discusses the principles and processes involved in biotechnology, including genetic engineering, recombinant DNA technology, and gene therapy.
12. Biotechnology and its Applications – This chapter covers various applications of biotechnology in different fields, including medicine, agriculture, and industry.
13. Organisms and Populations – This chapter deals with the population ecology, including the population growth, interactions between populations, and the ecological succession.
14. Ecosystem – This chapter covers the various components of an ecosystem, including biotic and abiotic factors, food chains, and food webs.
15. Biodiversity and Conservation – This chapter discusses the various aspects of biodiversity, including its importance, threats to biodiversity, and conservation measures.
16. Environmental Issues – This chapter deals with the various environmental issues affecting the planet, including pollution, global warming, and ozone depletion.